LOX and neoplasm: Various factors like interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-derived IL-1β; Hypoxia-induced lysyl oxidase (LOX) secreted by the primary tumor cells; and cancer cell-derived exosomes like DNA, RNA [mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and other noncoding RNAs], lipids, and proteins released by all types of cells and taken up by recipient cells are involved in the formation of a premetastatic niche in the bone [35].