CTF1 and heart failure: In patients with LVH and heart failure mediated by hypertension, the levels of CT-1 are increased, and plasma CT-1 level ≥122,895 pg/mL can be used for early diagnosis of changes in myocardial structure such as left ventricular hypertrophy, and plasma CT-1 levels ≥303.81 pg/mL for early detection of combined heart failure [33].