While tumor PD-L1 expression serves as a predictive marker for clinical responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC, its role and association with clinicopathological characteristics, including treatment outcomes and prognosis, in high-grade neuroendocrine tumors such as SCLC remain relatively ambiguous and underexplored [2]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.