INS and diabetic kidney disease: 1,2-Dicarbonyl compounds include glucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal (MGO), and glyoxal, but MGO is one of the most studied, given that it exerts a critical role in diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, endothelial dysfunction, postinfarct remodeling, and impairment of insulin signaling [122,123,124,125,126].