Of note, recent studies have disclosed the inhibition of astrocyte activation and the subsequent reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators due to ANXA1 in animal models of streptococcus suis-induced meningitis [40], pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus [41] and complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced thermal nociception and remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia [21,22]. This evidence concerns the gene ANXA1 and infectious meningitis.