TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Some studies have confirmed that under the stimulation of pro-fibrotic factors such as TGF-β1, MSCs can differentiate into myofibroblasts, thereby losing their renoprotective function and increasing the pool of myofibroblasts in the organ, accelerating the process of renal fibrosis [15,16,17,25] (Figure 1).