It has been confirmed that under the stimulation of pro-fibrotic factors such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), MSCs can differentiate into myofibroblasts, thereby losing their renal protective function and increasing the pool of myofibroblasts in the organ, accelerating the process of renal fibrosis [15,16,17]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.