Based on these findings, we envisage a relationship between the gene variability in IL-1β, production of this cytokine at sites of infection, and induction of PTX3 that might be of clinical relevance to improve the power of PTX3 (and, possibly, IL-1β) in the diagnosis of PJI in THA and TKA patients, as detailed in Figure 4. This evidence concerns the gene PTX3 and juvenile polyposis syndrome.