For instance, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) up-regulated upon HIV-1 infection in macrophages, has been shown to sponge miR-150-5p, leading to an increased expression of SOCS1 (a negative regulator of cytokine signaling), thus promoting HIV-1 replication and reactivation. Here, MALAT1 is linked to HIV-1 infection.