PPARGC1A and Infertility: Agarwal and colleagues (2019) [48] assessing the overexpression of 248 proteins in idiopathic infertile men found overexpressed proteins regulated by two transcription factors (TFs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2), which are the co-activator and activator of antioxidant enzyme transcription, respectively.