SIRT1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Considering that both AMPK and SIRT1 are involved in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis under various perturbations of cardiomyocytes, we measured their expression in HG-treated cardiomyocytes and found that the protein levels of p-AMPK (activated form of AMPK) and SIRT1 were reduced after HG treatment (Fig. 5A and B), which was consistent with the results of decreased protein levels in the myocardium of DCM mice (Supplementary Fig. 5A-B).