The fact that LPS treatment prior to capsaicin stimulation resulted in a higher percentage of infected macrophages, a trend toward a higher number of amastigotes per cell, and increased GFP signal intensity in dead macrophages supports our hypothesis that polarization of macrophages after TRPV1 activation is regulated by the immune microenvironment, which may also play a critical role in the outcome of parasitic infections. This evidence concerns the gene TRPV1 and parasitic infectious disease.