Shown in Fig. 3b, UD T1D enteroids had reduced mRNA expression of myosin 5C, Down-Regulated in Adenoma (DRA or Slc26a3), NHE2, and sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1) but no significant change in E-cadherin, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), sucrase-isomaltase (SI) or alkaline phosphatase-1 (ALP1). This evidence concerns the gene NHERF1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.