CHGA and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In addition, T1D enteroids had activation of the secretory lineage pathway with increased mRNA expression of atonal bHLH transcription factor 1 (ATOH-1), the goblet cell (GC) marker-MUC2 (~ 1.5 fold) and a very large increase in the EE cell marker-ChgA (~ 15 fold).