Importantly, we and others have shown ISR activation, including the increased expression of phospho-PERK and phospho-eIF2 α (peIF2α), to be present in PWH with NCI as well as in people without HIV who have Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington Disease, or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (Akay et al. 2012; Atkin et al. 2008; Gannon et al. 2017; Hoozemans et al. 2009). The gene discussed is EIF2AK3; the disease is Alzheimer disease.