For example, while immune checkpoint moleculesPD-1 and PD-L1 continue to show steady growth and are supported bythe existence of several PD-1-targeted U.S. FDA-approved therapeutics,other immune checkpoint molecules such as TIGIT, B7-H3, A2AR, andLAG3 show high relative growths with low absolute numbers of publications.A few other key areas of emergence worth highlighting are CAR therapy,especially CAR-NK and CD19 CAR-T; cancer vaccines, especially RNA-basedand nanovaccines; and lipid-based and membrane-coated nanoparticlesas modes of delivery systems. This evidence concerns the gene TIGIT and cancer.