Global single-cell transcriptome analysis using data from clinical trials demonstrated that TAMs highly expressed APOE, APOC1, and SPP1 genes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and this leads to an increase in M2-like macrophages [83]. Here, APOC1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.