We consider two previously presented hypotheses [19], aiming to explain a highly probable paracrine and autocrine action of these cytokines during the pathogenesis of severe malaria-associated MGPN: the first one suggests that infiltrated macrophages release INF-γ, which, in turn, modulates the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 by activated mesangial cells. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is malaria.