Using allele-specific real-time PCR of BRAF p.V595E circulating tumour DNA in the plasma of dogs with urinary bladder UC (n = 15), one study found that the amount of BRAF p.V595E ctDNA increased with disease progression (tumour growth, metastasis) and decreased when the tumour reduced in size in response to treatment [53]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is neoplasm.