BRAF and melanoma: The small molecule BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and encorafenib, are used in the treatment of human patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, glioma, and colorectal cancer [24,25,26,27,28], as they selectively target BRAF and thus interfere with the MAPK signalling pathway that regulates the proliferation and survival of the tumour cells (Figure 2d).