One of our studies using an animal model revealed that aging appears to exacerbate insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-mediated endothelial dysfunction, particularly through impairing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–nitric oxide synthase (NOS)–NO pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.