Patients were excluded if they had HbA1c > 6.5% (48 mmol/mol); a history of type 1 or 2 diabetes; had been treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or GLP1-RAs in the 90 days prior to randomization; had NYHA IV heart failure; had end-stage renal disease; or on dialysis. Here, GCG is linked to diabetes mellitus.