BBC3 and central nervous system cancer: Thus, treating GL15 glioma cells with Lonidamine inactivates the PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to the mitochondrial translocation of p53, the subsequent permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane, and the release of pro-apoptotic factors like AIF, Bax, Noxa, and Puma, triggering apoptotic cell death [143].