At present, modern melanoma treatment includes monoclonal antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PDL-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), reactivating the lymphocyte arm from the adaptive immune system [33]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is melanoma.