TNF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The study by Ploeger [59], which included 19 studies with 316 participants aged ≤ 18 years old, observed that chronic aerobic exercise sessions practiced by people with inflammatory diseases, specifically type I diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, when compared to healthy controls, favored the worsening of such conditions due to the increase in pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-6 right after the exercise.