CD40 and Salmonella Infections: In the analysis of BMD in the presence of Salmonella infection (treatment x challenge), IPA predicted the following upstream regulators were inhibited: NFE2L2 (z-score = −2.15), XBP1 (z-score = −2.91), CD28 (z-score = −2.14), CD40 (z-score = −2.53), CD3 (z-score = −2.24), and lipopolysaccharide (z-score = −1.73), whereas, dexamethasone (z-score = 2.03), (CEBPA (z-score = 2.41), and ESRRG (z-score = 2.19) were activated.