In the PBMCs from the patients with COPD, CD3 plus elastin co-stimulation induced the stronger proliferation of CD4+ T cells compared with those from the normal subjects (35.2 ± 21.5 vs. 14.9 ± 15.4%, respectively, p = 0.03, Figure 4). The gene discussed is ELN; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.