AGT and heart failure: The elevated levels of Ang II not only produce vasoconstriction, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure but are also involved in release of catecholamines from the sympathetic nerve terminals and the adrenal medulla for raising blood pressure, the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex for salt and fluid retention and the release of autocrine factors such as transforming growth factors (TGF-β) and interleukin (IL-6) for inflammatory responses [100,101,102,104,107].