The Ang II- AT1R hypertrophic signal transduction includes the activation of sarcolemmal PLC, resulting in (i) the formation of DAG, the stimulation of PKC and the activation of MAP kinase and (ii) the formation of IP3, the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the activation of Ca2+-calmodulin kinase for the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy. Here, AGT is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.