While the mechanism is uncertain, levels of tissue-type plasminogen activators, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the anti-fibrotic hepatocyte growth factor are significantly increased in PAI-1-null mice, and the oral administration of the small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor TM5275 attenuates hepatic fibrosis [164,165]. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.