It directly catalyzes the K29-linked ubiquitination of tumor necrosis factor receptor-acting factor 3 (TRAF3), which regulates TRAF3 activity to promote innate immunity with antiviral effects [23] and plays a role in Wnt signaling, cellular autophagy, and pulmonary fibrosis [72,73,74]. The gene discussed is TRAF3; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.