IGF1 and gastric cancer: Ke Wang et al. found that NEDD4 overexpression promoted tumor proliferation in insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)-dependent GC cells, and therefore hypothesized that NEDD4 specifically promotes the growth of GC cells that are dependent on the IGF1/IGF1R signaling pathway by antagonizing the protein phosphatase activity of IRS 1 by antagonizing PTEN.