Given the established pleiotropic effects of vitamin D3 treatment (i.e., anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and immune modulatory impact on cellular structural mechanics), as well as effects on the regulation of potential survival biomarkers (e.g., ANLN and ECT2) associated with metastasis, there is an incentive to investigate vitamin D3 as a targeted therapeutic option optimized for AA men with localized PCa or as a primary chemoprevention. This evidence concerns the gene ANLN and posterior cortical atrophy.