Despite being the prominent inflammasome in barrier cells like epithelial cells, deciphering NLRP1’s role in HIV infection remains challenging due to both the substantial divergence between human and murine NLRP1, limiting the applicability of disease models, and the current lack of specific NLRP1 agonists and antagonists to dissect its function in inflammation [102]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP1 and HIV infectious disease.