TLR8 and HIV-1 infection: HIV-1 infection induces pro-IL-1β production in monocytes by activating TLR8 and subsequently activates caspase-1 through the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the cleavage of pro-IL-1β into its bioactive form, IL-1β, underscoring the essential roles of both TLR8 and NLRP3 in HIV-1-induced inflammation.