Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), caused by mutations in the serine protease inhibitor SERPINA1, is an inherited disorder that affects the production of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in the liver, which is essential for protecting the lungs from damage caused by enzymes released during inflammation [132]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.