The role of Dkk1 in the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD should not be underestimated since the association of a Dkk1-antibody with a phosphate binder prevents and reverses the vascular calcification in early stages of CKD and normalizes FGF-23 levels, therefore completing the picture of CKD-MBD [82]. Here, DKK1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.