ARF5 and infection: pGATA23::GUS, was induced at early infection stages, 3 dpi-7 dpi, but at 14 dpi no signal was detected, whereas ARF5::GUS was active in a shorter window, i.e., at 3 dpi a clear signal was detected that faded at 7 dpi, this confirmed their induction at early-mid infection according to their putative roles during galls/GCs formation (Olmo et al., 2020; Table 1; Figure 2).