CXCL9 and neoplasm: De Boeck et al. (2020) reported that glioma-derived IL-33 promotes glioma progression in vivo by modulating the cellular state of the tumor microenvironment. The initial characterization of the in vivo glioma secretome identified IL-33 as a prominent component of the inflammatory phenotype (De Boeck et al., 2020). Several studies have demonstrated that CXCL9 is upregulated in glioblastoma tissues and is associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients (Liao et al., 2022).