The GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia), 1997; Coca, 2020). In perioperative settings with anesthesia, fluid shifts, and blood loss, the maintenance of ACE inhibitors has been linked to an increased risk of arterial hypotension and acute kidney injury (AKI) (Kellow, 1994; Roshanov et al., 2017; Hollmann et al., 2018). Consequently, withholding ACE inhibitors for 24 h before surgery is generally recommended to prevent persistent hypotension, especially in patients treated for arterial hypertension (Sousa-Uva et al., 2018; Sahai et al., 2022). Here, ACE is linked to hypotensive disorder.