Gene expression levels of D23580 were calculated as TPM (transcripts per million) values and differential expression analysis was performed.23,67,68 We analyzed the genes in various SPIs that contain multi-gene loci critical for Salmonella infection and virulence.54,69 Our analysis showed that although some genes such as sitD of SPI-1 and pipA of SPI-5 exhibited downregulation with increasing fluid shear, there is a general trend of incrementally increased gene-expression patterns of SPI-1 (including secreted effectors), SPI-4, SPI-5 (Figure 3(a)). This evidence concerns the gene SPI1 and Salmonella Infections.