After adjusting for age, education, hypertension, HDL, triglycerides, cystatin C, and burden of severe CSVD, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis found that this correlation remained significant (OR = 1.582, 95% CI: 1.043–2.401, p = .031), and that PI was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients (Figure 1). Here, CST3 is linked to Cognitive impairment.