Inter-state variations in the availability of funds for NPY, frequent changes in fiscal policies about NPY by the state or central governments, including the changes in banks, affiliated PFMS agencies and approving authorities, non-payment of benefits to beneficiaries after six months of treatment (persons with drug-resistant TB and persons with drug-sensitive extra-pulmonary TB), erroneous rejection of beneficiaries were among the other challenges reported by some states. The gene discussed is NPY; the disease is tuberculosis.