Notably, tumors carrying amplified MYC (n = 59) were enriched for laryngeal disease, TP53 and CDKN2A mutations (Supplementary Table 3, Supplementary Fig. 1), and exhibited significant upregulation of numerous driver genes known to be associated with carcinogenesis in several types of cancer, including HNSCC (e.g. ELAVL2, CXCL5, FGFR4, CCNP, STC2, POU5F1B and SYT12)41–50. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL5 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.