IL6 and endothelial dysfunction: Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase, which is in the pathway that leads to the formation of prostaglandins, downstream of which is the induction of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β.349 One study observed that low-dose aspirin attenuated sCD14 and activated T cells in ART-treated PLWH.350 A longer 12-week randomized controlled trial showed no effects of high or low-dose aspirin on monocyte activation (sCD14 and sCD163), proatherogenic monocyte subsets, T-cell activation, and endothelial dysfunction.326 Ongoing trials are exploring aspirin’s immune and vascular effects in PLWH.