Targeting BAFF has previously been shown to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.225 BAFF is a cytokine involved in the selection and activation of the MZ population and is also important in B-cell survival and differentiation of innate cells.226 BAFF is elevated in PLWH and is correlated with viral factors, Nef, and markers associated with inflammation.227 A Montreal cohort involving PLWH on ART for 15 years reported elevated levels of BAFF in this population. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13B and atherosclerosis.