GYPA and neoplasm: As far as we know, this is a new discovery which has not been reported in previous studies, suggesting that composite indices represented by Ds-GPA may hold potential for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of BM, rather than being limited to single indicators such as PS score, PD-L1 expression levels, tumor burden, etc. (Hendriks et al. 2019; Hulsbergen et al. 2020).