TGFB1 and breast cancer: Furthermore, exosomes originating from BC cells, in tandem with the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and VEGF, contribute to the myofibroblastic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), activate Mitogen-activated Protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in ASCs and promote ASC pro-angiogenic behavior [94].