TNF and parasitic infectious disease: At 10 d PI in baso IL-4/IL-13 (−) mice, FITC-dextran levels were positively correlated with bacterial 16S copies and parasitemia and negatively correlated with plasma IL-12p40, MCP-1, and IL-17, with the latter being the center of a larger network of positively correlated type 1 plasma cytokines TNF-α, IL-12p40, IL-1β, and RANTES and negatively correlated ileal MIP-1β (Fig. 6).