Surprisingly, no correlation was observed between IL-38 and infiltrating CD4+ Th cells or CD20+ B cells in PCa, suggesting that neither CD4+ Th cells nor CD20+ B cells are directly involved in PCa development, and/or that the local IL-38 expression may be too potent, quenching the functions of these cells in the PCa microenvironment. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.