NF1 and glioblastoma: GBM is categorized into three subtypes by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) initiative: mesenchymal (MES) subtype indicated by NF1 and PTEN loss; proneural (PN) subtype linked to PDGFRA amplification/mutation or CDKN2A homozygous deletion; and classical (CL) subtype defined by EGFR amplification/mutation (135, 136).