USP18 and triple-negative breast carcinoma: Previous studies demonstrated that USP18 plays a significant role in regulating autophagy: USP18 decreased paclitaxol sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer via promoting autophagy [26]; USP18 overexpression could promote autophagy to inhibit cell apoptosis induced by spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury [27]; USP18 stabilizes cGAS through deubiquitination, enhancing autophagy in melanoma cells and thereby promoting resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma [28].