Studies suggest that the administration of CXCL12-neutralizing antibodies or small-molecule antagonists of ACKR3 can delay the onset of diseases or prevent disease progression in conditions like cancer, viral infections, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and so on (42).Thus, SDF1a may be associated with immune regulation and immune system function, and its elevation may contribute to maintaining normal immune system function, thereby alleviating chronic inflammation, which is in accordance with our results. Here, ACKR3 is linked to osteoarthritis.