INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is defined as a metabolic disease involving defective insulin action.1 The resulting hyperglycemia places individuals at high risk for all-cause mortality by health expenditure of around 966 billion USD.2 An estimated 50% of diabetes cases globally remain undetected or undiagnosed3 and over half of diabetes’ economic cost lies in its treatment.2 Diabetes prevention programs (DPPs) are increasingly crucial in mediating this exponential disease epidemic.