SIRT1 and autoimmune disease: The activated form of SIRT1 directly inhibits NF-κB transcription via deacetylation of the p65 subunit of the NF-κB complex,[33] and in turn, NF-κB downregulates SIRT1 deacetylase activity via expression of miR-34.[35] The role of miR-34a has been reported in many autoimmune diseases.