Macrophages are the predominant source of pro‐inflammatory molecules in atherosclerosis and macrophage‐mediated inflammatory responses are regulated by UMEs including A20, TRIM64, FBXW2, FBXO3, TRAF6143, 144, 145, 146, 147 (Figure 5B). This evidence concerns the gene TNFAIP3 and atherosclerosis.