Among the various mechanisms, SERCA2 has been postulated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DM by causing activation of pro-apoptotic pathways in pancreatic β-cells; SERCA inactivation causes accumulation of Ca2+ within ER which results in the activation of NADPH oxidase, which subsequently results in activation of NF-κB [80]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus.