Henceforth, considering together, it can be postulated that DM involves sequestration of Ca2+ inside the Endoplasmic reticulum and is caused by decreased efficacy of SERCA, which initiates activation of NF-κB/TLR-4 apoptosis pathways which subsequently enhances caspase-3/7/DR-5 protein activity in pancreatic β-cells (Fig. 9F). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.